Incoterms

Incoterms 2024

They are the basic terms of trade in the world that are used in contracts for the sale of goods at the international level and are an integral part of them. Through them, the responsibilities of both the exporter and the importer are determined, tasks are clarified, and the costs, risks and insurance are distributed. These terms are linked to the United Nations Charter for contracts for the sale of international goods.
exw
(This term can be used for all modes of transport)

Cost:The seller is responsible for making the goods available at their premises (factory, warehouse) and this term represents the minimum seller obligation. The buyer bears all costs and risks involved in taking the goods from the seller's premises to the final destination.
Risks:The buyer bears the risks of loss or damage to the goods occurring after they have been received from the seller and until they reach the final destination.

fob
(This term is used for maritime and inland waterway transport only)

Cost:The seller bears all costs of transporting the goods to the port of shipment, clearing the goods for export, and loading them onto the vessel. The buyer bears all remaining costs after the goods have been loaded onto the ship, including the costs of shipping the goods, unloading them at the port, and clearing them through customs for import, as well as transporting them to the final destination.
Risks:The seller bears the risks of loss or damage to the goods occurring from the point of packaging until they are loaded onto the vessel, and the buyer bears the risks of loss or damage to the goods occurring after they have been loaded onto the vessel until they reach the final destination.

cif
(This term is used for maritime or waterway transport)

Cost:The seller bears all costs of transporting and clearing the goods for export, loading them onto the vessel, and shipping them to the importing country. The buyer bears the costs of unloading the goods at the port, clearing them through customs for import, and transporting them to the final destination.
Risks:The seller bears the risks of loss or damage to the goods occurring from the point of packaging until they are loaded onto the vessel, and the buyer bears the risks of loss or damage to the goods occurring during shipping from the exporting country to the importing country until they reach the final destination.
Insurance:The seller is responsible for obtaining insurance against the risk of loss or damage to the goods during transportation from the exporting country to the importing country. The seller is responsible for obtaining insurance against the risk of loss or damage to the goods during transportation from the exporting country to the importing country.

fca
(This term can be used for all modes of transport)

Cost:The seller bears the costs of transporting and clearing the goods for export at the location specified by the buyer. If the buyer does not specify a point of receipt, the seller chooses the place where the carrier takes the goods into custody. The buyer bears the costs of loading the goods onto the transport and the costs of shipping, clearing them for import, and transporting them to the final destination.
Risks:The seller bears the risks of loss or damage to the goods occurring from the point of packaging until they are cleared for export, and the buyer bears the risks of loss or damage to the goods occurring after customs clearance for export and until they reach the final destination.

cpt
(This term is used in all modes of transport)

Cost:The exporter bears all costs of transporting and clearing the goods for export, loading, and unloading them in the importer's country, while the importer bears the import customs clearance costs and the costs of transporting the goods to their final destination.
Risks:The exporter bears the risks of loss or damage to the goods from the packing point until they are cleared for export, and the importer bears the risks of loss or damage to the goods while loading them on the transport vehicle and shipping them to the import country until they are unloaded at the final destination.

cip
(This term is used in all modes of transport)

Cost:The exporter bears all costs of transport, export customs clearance, loading the goods, and unloading them in the importer's country, while the importer bears the import customs clearance costs and the costs of transporting the goods to their final destination.
Risks:The exporter bears the risks of loss or damage to the goods from the packing point until they are cleared for export, and the importer bears the risks of loss or damage to the goods from the point of loading them on the transport vehicle until they reach their final destination.
Insurance:The exporter is responsible for obtaining insurance against the buyer's risk of loss or damage to the goods during transit from the export country to the import country.

dap
(This term is used in all modes of transport)

Cost:The exporter bears all costs of transport and export customs clearance, loading and unloading the goods in the importer's country, while the importer bears the import customs clearance costs, with the costs shifting back to the exporter for transporting the goods to the destination while the importer bears the unloading costs at the specified place.
Risks:The exporter bears the risks of loss or damage to the goods from the packing point until they reach the importer's country and are transported after import customs clearance, and the importer bears the risks of loss or damage to the goods during import customs clearance and unloading at the final destination.

dpu
(This term is used in all modes of transport)

Cost:The exporter bears all costs of transport and export customs clearance up to unloading in the importer's country, while the importer only bears the import customs clearance costs.
Risks:The exporter bears the risks of loss or damage to the goods from the packing point until they are unloaded in the importer's country and transported after import customs clearance and unloading at the final destination, and the importer bears the risks of loss or damage to the goods during import customs clearance only.

ddp
(This term is used in all modes of transport)

Cost:The exporter bears all costs involved in taking the goods from their headquarters until they reach the required destination, while the importer bears the costs of unloading the goods after they reach him.
Risks:The exporter bears the risks of loss or damage to the goods from the packing point until they reach the final destination, and the importer bears the risks of loss or damage to the goods during unloading at the final destination only.

fas
(This term is used in sea transport but not for multimodal transport)

Cost:The exporter bears all costs of transporting the goods and clearing them for export, while the importer bears the remaining costs of loading the goods on board the ship, shipping, unloading, and the import customs clearance and transport to their final destination.
Risks:The exporter bears all costs of transporting the goods and clearing them for export, while the importer bears the remaining costs from loading the goods on board the ship, shipping, unloading, and the import customs clearance and transport to their final destination.

cfr
(This term is used for sea transport or inland waterways)

Cost:The exporter bears the costs of transporting the goods and clearing them for export, loading them on board the ship, and shipping them to the importer's country, while the importer bears the costs of unloading the goods from the ship, clearing them for import, and transporting them to their final destination
Risks:The exporter bears the risks of loss or damage to the goods from the packing point until they are loaded on board the ship, and the importer bears the risks of loss or damage to the goods during external shipping from the export country until they reach their final destination.